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The Roofscape of Graz

Josef GSPURNING (IGR University of Graz, Graz, Austria) Abstract: In 1999 the almost gap-less and beautifully preserved roofscape of the old town center of Graz has been one of the most important reasons for conceding the status of an UNESCO World Heritage Site to the city. But, despite its importance in local, regional and even global scale and although the roof from authors typically is addressed as the fifth façade of a building which is significant for a town’s character in a crucial way, the expression “roofscape” (or its German pendant “Dachlandschaft”) often is defined by terms taken from architecture, artistry or legal regulations. In contrast the approach proposed within this paper doesn’t understand roofs as an expression of a mainly functional set of characteristics or as a zone of colliding planning interests (for example solar potential versus protection of historical buildings). Instead of that the means of Geographical Technologies (basically GIS and RS concepts) are employed to derive an unbiased definition of roofscape and emphasize it’s identity by specific criterions like shape, colour, raw materials as well as texture, elements of patchiness and roof ensembles. Besides, the usage of GIS and RS elements enhance the underlying research design not only with new technology (i.e. spatial toolboxes for delineation of a roofscape) but also with new data types (i.e. laserscanner data) and metrics for describing the investigation outcomes. The results of the work described in the paper could be summarized in the following manner: Delineation and characterization of effective roofscape areas, design of a problem-oriented data model, implementation of this 3d spatial database and visualisation of the findings. Keywords: roofscape, GIS, spatial...

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Photographic rectification for graphical documentation of historical and archaeological heritage: the case of the south face of the “Torre del Pretorio” of Tarragona (Tarraco, Hispania Citerior)

M.Serena VINCI / Miquel ORELLANA / Josep Maria MACIAS (Institut Català d’Arqueologia Clàssica, Tarragona, Spain) Abstract: The present work details the use of photographic rectification as support for graphical documentation of historical and archaeological heritage. Specifically, herein the case of the south face of the Torre del Pretorio (Praetorian Tower) of Tarragona is illustrated. The Torre del Pretorio lies to a larger monument complex, being one of the communications towers of the Provincial Forum of Tarraco, which was the bureaucratic centre of the ancient Hispania Citerioris capital. Hence, the tower represents a valuable example of the evolution of the roman architecture within the urban development.  In our intent, the accurate and precise graphical documentation of the structure aims to facilitate the restoration and the conservation of the tower, also favouring a deeper architectonical and archaeological understanding of the roman forum. The use of photographic rectification permitted to overcome the spatial- and time-prohibitive data collection, as imposed by both size and location of the building. Indeed, the use of specific softwares eased the gaining of two-dimensional images in a straight and precise way. For this very reason, in our case, the photographic rectification supported the direct analysis of the monument and facilitates the interpretation of the architectonical stratigraphy. Actually, aiming the understanding of both the construction processes and the architecture of the building, the documentation collected permitted different analysis: the characterization of the building modules, the identification of the working tools employed in the building materials manufacture and etc. Concluding, the use of ortho-images represented a powerful tool that permits the systematic study of a Roman building, evolved within the centuries and surrounded by a modern urban context. Keywords: photographic rectification; documentation; roman construction processes; restoration-conservation; urban...

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Aerial drones in urban archaeology

Richard THOMA (ARDIG-Archäologischer Dienst GesmbH, Austria) Abstract: Radio-controlled aerial drones are a fast, accurate and moderately priced alternative to approach unaccessible areas. Taking aerial pictures by drone is a practical way to inspect the condition of buildings, even inside dense urban areas. It is not always possible to put up a scaffolding or hire an airplane to take aerial pictures. In these situations drones can provide the only reliable source of documentation. Pictures of other buildings in a greater context can be used for construction research. Drones are easily set up and their almost silent operation makes them perfect in sensible areas. Also the progress of construction work can be documented. Recent drones have a lot of sensors – including GPS.  Waypoints can be planned on ground, and the drone can fly repeatedly to the exact same spot, taking pictures with the same angle. Safety is insured by GPS, providing coming-home-functionality when reception is lost, even with a predefined height. Different camera systems can be carried and the camera mount assures high quality pictures or videos with a straight horizon, even in windy conditions. A real time video transmission allows the client to see through the drones “eye”, making better decisions what to photograph. Keywords: aerial drones air...

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Medieval Kiev from the Perspective of the Archaeological Study of the Podil District

Mykhailo SAHAYDAK (Centr of Kyiv Archaeology, Inst. of Archaelogy of the NAS, Ukraine) Abstract: I. Topography: Traditional large-scale excavations in the Upper Town the 1970 and 2010 were supplemented with regular excavations the Podil (Lower Town).  Excavations carried out along the construction of the second subway line revealed the remnants of a large urban settlement, which arose here in the late ninth century and came to occupy approximately 150 hectares within 30 years. The town began to form along the river, above the general level of the river valley. The terrace stretched between the precipitous slopes of the waterfront and the course of the deep Dnieper’s tributary, the Pochaina River, which served as a convenient harbour. II. The cultural layer. The cultural layer showed that besides human activity other factors also had a great influence on its formation. Layers of pure river sand, clay, and loess formed approximately half its thickness. All this pointed to the fact that the population inhabiting Podil had often been forced to leave the area. The intervals were short-term, but they changed the situation significantly. Joint efforts of archaeologists end geology resulted in putting together the stratigraphic section of the cultural layer Podil along more than 2000 m. of the subway line. III. The chronology. The generalization of the stratigraphic data and correlation with dendro-dates opened a perspective on establishing chronology of all the horizontal strata of the cultural layer. The earliest stratum, (11,5-12-5 m), is dated from the 880s to the 920s. The next one, deposited one meter above, covered the period up to the beginning of the eleventh century. The third stratum of the layer, 8 m. in depth at the top, is dated to the 1040s. On the level of the fourth stratum (7-7,8 meters) buildings were built in the mid-eleventh century and they fell into decay in the early twelfth century (2,5-3 m.). Keywords: Podil, stratigraphic,...

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The “Theseus Tempel” in Vienna, digital results one year after the CHNT16 measurement seminar

Andrea PASQUALI / Angela MANCUSO (Dept. Architettura Disegno Storia Progetto, Facoltà di Architettura, Università degli studi di Firenze, Italy) Abstract: The classic architecture and its image, strong in the imagery as in its real manifestation, it can be found in the shape of a rich sample in the Theseus Temple in the Volksgarten in Vienna. During the Cultural Heritage and New Technologies 16 workshop in November 2011 a well participated seminar took place in this location, under the guide of G. Verdiani, B. Ridderhof and W. Beex, and with the collaboration of R. Rudorfer, the whole monument was surveyed in all the over ground parts, the whole work was made together with the participants to the seminar and it allowed a good coverage of the whole building. During the past year, starting from the registered pointcloud it has been possible to reconstruct the digital surface model in a new, well defined, setup. Integrating the previous survey, taking the expeditious photogrammetrical survey of the Canova’s Theseus statue, reading the drawings from Pietro Nobile (the author of the temple), analyzing the Wiener neoclassic temple in its proportions and dimensional relationships and comparing them to the real classical models, going to an end aimed to make all the post processing of these data working to produce some hypothesis about a new overall setup for the Theseum Temple with the meaning to explore this monument from its state at now and a possibility of evolution toward a new step. The proposed poster will be aimed to present the seminar work and how the data produced at that time has worked as the base for a new specific research about this interesting monument. Keywords: Digital Survey, Theseus-Temple, Temple,...

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Building Information Modeling for Construction Heritages in South Korea

Jae Hyun PARK / Hyun Sang CHOI / Cheol Ho CHOI (Doalltech Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea) Abstract: Cultural Heritages are one of good measurements to evaluate each country’s value. Nowadays, importance of heritage management is increasing because of above reason. However, restoration and maintenance management of construction heritages has some problems to progress because of insufficient data and lack of effective management system. BIM (Building Information Modeling) technologies can be solved those kinds of problems. But introducing BIM technology of modern architectures and heritages is totally different. In case of modern architectures, BIM software such as ArchiCAD and Revit provide most of building elements like wall, column and slab. However, there is no BIM elements for heritages in BIM software, thus if BIM models for heritages would be established, BIM libraries as object elements of heritages should be developed for their BIM based tasks. In particular, those kinds of BIM models should be reused 3D scan data which are already progressed in South Korea. Furthermore, these models should be included heritage related information for their restoration and maintenance management works. In this study, BIM for construction heritages is suggested and some actual cases are introduced. It is expected that BIM based maintenance management of heritages will be possible using these BIM based process and models which is developed in this study. However, additional research and development should be done for more effective BIM based maintenance tasks of heritages. Keywords: Information Modeling, Construction Heritage, Maintenance...

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