Peter PRAXMARER (Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland) This paper wants to take a critical look at the creation, invention, mise-en-scène, use and abuse of cultural heritage (CH), asking inter alia the following questions: Creation: who created a/o creates CH, for what reasons, with what intention? Invention: how is CH identified, imagined, designated – in short “invented” –, following which rationale? Mise-en-scène: how is CH presented, “marketed” and brought to the attention of the public, along which policy? Use and Abuse: what are possible criteria for “good uses” and “abuses” of CH, who decides or should decide how to use CH, who is affected by such decisions, and how? Method: In discussing the questions listed above, particular attention will be paid to the various stakeholders touched by, involved and interested in CH the “paradigmatic” links (theoretical, analytical and methodological) between current approaches to CH and (intercultural) communication research. Format: Concise presentation of the arguments from a theoretical-analytical point of view, as well as in a more practice-oriented perspective (e.g. examples of “best practices”, “lessons learnt”); discussion; incorporation of input of participants, particularly regarding the practice-oriented aspects. Objective: To show and illustrate how “uncertainty” not only permeates the artifacts of the past, but is also inherent in our interpretation of the past, exemplified by our looking at, understanding of, and use of CH. Keywords: cultural heritage, uncertainty, creation, invention, mise-en-scène, use and abuse, stakeholders, (intercultural)...

Stephanie KOERNER (University of Manchester, United Kingdom) In many parts of the world global media images of nature-culture, moderns – pre-moderns, experts – publics clash with complex social geographies of ecological hazard, unsustainable development, and political strife. Research and teaching in fields developed to address what many expert agencies call ‘crises’ in public understanding of science, as well as in such fields as ‘world heritage’, ‘museum studies’, and ‘tourism and travel’ have highly institutionalised roles as sources of cultural policy authority. Globalisation traverses national borders, transforms authoritative institutions, and fortifies new social boundaries of ‘otherness’. The sun never sets on metropolitan centres shimmering inequality. Super-modern urban castles and subway ‘homes’ of thousands of beggars have the same geographical co-ordinates. ‘Elsewhere’ disputes over ‘destruction and conservation’ of ‘cultural heritage’ clash with claims to the need of technological solutions to nuclear, chemical, biological...

Bernarda ŽUPANEK1 / Dimitrij MLEKUŽ2 (1Ljubljana City Museum, Slovenia / 2University of Ljubljana, Slovenia) In order to enable increased acessibility, beyond the ordinary sphere of activities, to the heritage of the Roman town Emona, hidden beneath and partially preserved in modern Ljubljana, we chose to use mobile technology. Mobile technology, increasingly seen as a normal part of everyday life, presents the opportunity to support educational visits by providing both location-based information and guidance through this information based on the visitor’s interests and needs and encourage learning within an authentic context. Supporting access to heritage with mobile information technology is not new, but is still a novelty, especially in Slovenia. After testing several applications we decided to use Caerus, a platform developed at University of Birmingham. Our GPS guide is personal, flexible and together with location awareness offers information — animations, narration, video, sound effects and music — relevant to the particular site or monument. The guide is currently being tested by our visitors. In broader view, we wish to assess ways in which handheld computers facilitate ambient teaching and learning, and to explore the possibilities for active participation of visitors through actions such as e-graffiti and different spatial annotations. Keywords: archaeological heritage, mobile learning, GPS...

Benjamin ŠTULAR (Institute of archaeology, Slovene Academy of Science and Arts, Slovenia) Purpose: Using GIS tools originally developed for archaeology we were able to model a “conservative legislation aware” tourist product based on cultural heritage. Methodology/Approach: predictive modelling, site catchment, path modelling. Results: the dynamic model that enables the planning of sustainable development of region under strict environmental legislation and few “resources” of cultural heritage. We agree that finding, processing and preserving cultural heritage is just the beginning, the birth of Cultural heritage “product”. The latter needs to be “nourished” in order to become integrated in wider social and economy life of communities, regions and countries. Cultural tourism seems to offer one of just few possibilities. We believe that properly used it gives us a better chance for appreciation of cultural heritage as well as preservation. We are involved in the national project Paths towards sustainable development of protected areas. The project aims to find economical advantages for the communities living within the national parks were prohibitive ecological legislation is enforced. One such way is cultural tourism combined with well preserved natural environment. The latter – protected by above mentioned legislation – demands special adjustment of the usual products in cultural tourism. As a case study we choose a network of hiker-paths with cultural content. The first and obvious task was to create a GIS database of existing potential. The second step was to model the network – including tangible as well as intangible cultural heritage, car parking, eating, sleeping etc. capacities – with minimal intervention in existing logistics and therefore with minimal intervention in natural environment. The third and as it has turned out the most difficult part was to model a management of such a network within and beyond the limitations of existing conservation legislation. For that we used the methodology of archaeological predictive modelling. We are therefore not developing new beyond-cutting-the-edge GIS technology. Rather, we are using methodology that was tested time and again. Therefore, we are 100% certain that the we can trust methodology. We only have 1 shot at preserving our natural environment and therefore we can not afford any mistakes due to the...

Alexander A. MALAFEEV (Samara Branch of Moscow State University of Service, Russia) Stormy development of the world and Russian economy is conditioned, above all things, by the technologies, based on the use of economic-mathematical design, computerizing and informatization societies and communications and Internet. All these things lead to the formation of new economy in which, however, expensive approaches of organization of product creation, and attachment to the structure of organization still dominate in the circumstances of the constantly growing global changes. These changes require adaptation, survival and keeping of the jurisdiction, allowing the organizational structures to support economic processes in the adequate modes already not so much due to potential possibilities of IT- systems, but on the basis of «creativity» and innovation of the people. Contemporary culture is in transition. But any transition is great trial and risk for society. The risk and danger go from side of innovations. Art of management allows to find the necessary ways to survival and development of culture in context of innovations’ attack. Transition is road on unknown place always. The art of management gives to society important markers for overcoming of these transitional trials. The aim of this report is in explanation of the essence and peculiarities of management in multicultural society in context of application of cultural diversity as resource of educational activity. Imperative of free diversity is actualized in a democratic, ‘multi-level’ society within the framework of modern liberal philosophy. Cultural pluralism, ethnic and social heterogeneity, individual freedom and civil emancipation make us look for some new principles of social organization and set new reference-points on the way of re-organization of the...

Andrey V. BIRIUKOV, Michail A. RODIONOV (Samara Branch of Higher School of Privatization and Enterprise, Russia) This report takes the recent data about the environment in Samara region and the materials of some Samara tourist agencies as a basis to explanation of interconnection of the environment factors and tourism industry in management of cultural heritage and social development of the Mid-Volga region. It is very important because the solution of many problems concerning the development of tourist ecology in Samara region depends on the understanding of technologies of cultural management and effective social policy. Cultural and historical heritage is great resource of educational activity and social-spiritual development. The historical monuments and any ancient traces are material manifestations of human creativity and cultural dialogue in time. The heritage is great information complex and we should know how we can to use its creative potential. Management of cultural heritage becomes one of urgent task of contemporary educational policy. The cultural-historical heritage is stages leading up us from past to future times. But we should not forget that heritage expressed the complicated configuration cultural and natural landscapes in human’s environment. The Samara region history dates back to the most ancient times. The natural environment peculiarities are the borderline location between the steppe and forest on the Volga banks, waterway between the Oriental and the Western cultures and nations. It is reason of the specific historical development of the local population and its rich cultural...