A consideration of 3D models as an alternative to reconstructing historical buildings and sites

Glen MUSCHIO / Christopher REDMANN

(Antoinette Westphal College of Media Arts & Design, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA)

Physical reconstructing historic sites based on archaeological evidence and historical documentation is a good way to raise awareness about historical archaeology and regional and national histories. Typically, physical reconstructions seek to re-present the building as an experiential whole, allowing the visitor the most complete idea of the structure. Major concerns regarding the practice include introducing inaccuracies, propagating misinformation, “Disneyfying” history, financial construction costs and rebuilding costs as new and sometimes contradictory historical evidence becomes available.
Digital reconstructions avoid some of these uncertainties and pitfalls. The Digital Media program at Drexel University in Philadelphia is beginning the process of digital reconstruction of American Revolutionary era sites in and around Philadelphia. Sites include the recently excavated structure of the James “Oronoko” Dexter house. Oronoko was a freed African slave who became instrumental in the organization of Philadelphia’s earliest community of freed Africans. The house stood on what is known today as “Independence Mall,” in view of Independence Hall, the site of the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence, and a UNESCO “World Heritage Site.” Other sites and the development of virtual 3D models to be discussed include Franklin Court, and Fort Mercer. The former was built by Benjamin Franklin 1763-65 and razed by his heirs in 1812. Details of the house remain largely unknown. A project to virtually reconstruct Fort Mercer is underway using visible outcroppings, trench remnants, and historical records. This earthen fort was constructed by colonial forces on the banks of the Delaware River to protect Philadelphia from British naval assaults. The fort was invaded by Hessian troops which were defeated. The 3 sites represent a range of issues and possible solutions for contemplating virtual 3D reconstructions of historical sites.

Keywords: digital, reconstructions, American colonial