E. Wenger 1 / I. Iliev 1 / H. Thür 2 / I. Adenstedt 2 (1Kommission für Wissenschaftliche Visualisierung, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna, Austria / 2Institut für Kulturgeschichte der Antike, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna, Austria) Computer-aided reconstructions of archaeological places are nowadays routinely used for giving the public an impression about how “old” localities looked like. A frequent intention is to arouse a broader interest in archaeology with the reconstructions. Such reconstructions hardly supply additional information and are therefore of limited interest for scientists. On the basis of an detail-exact reconstruction of the housing unit 4 of the Hanghaus 2 in Ephesos, we tried to use the means of computer graphics as a research tool for the archaeologist. Essentially, this can be achieved only by a close co-operation between archaeologists, computer scientists, artists and architects. The computer permits the examination of different hypotheses. Answers to certain questions, as for instance the assembly places of objects, can be supplied by the visualization of different variants. An as accurate as possible reconstruction of all architectural details (floor structures, sewage system, door furnishings, etc..) raises frequently questions, which are examined not at all or only insufficiently as yet. The simulation of the lighting conditions under different scenarios makes it possible to win a clear impression over different areas, their use and lighting. The 3D-modeling of plastic details as capitals, relief or figures as accomplished by artist’s hand is very complex, and only very limited support by 3D-scanners is available. It is of great importance however, since only a genuine 3D-model permits a faithful reconstruction, makes an arbitrary approach to the objects possible, and gives an idea of its development throughout history. Goal of this project is not to provide a comprehensive reconstruction for the purpose of demonstrations but to give the archaeologist by high detail accuracy and extensive 3D-modeling a research tool in the hand that can be used for the documentation of results, for the examination and clarification of variants and thus leads to new questions, and in further consequence to new realizations. keywords: virtual reality, reconstructions,...

I. Vatanen / H. Lehtonen / K. Uotila (Information Studies, Åbo Akademi University, ÅBO, Finland) Archaeological information is complex by its nature because the information in hand does only seldom answer any direct questions posed by anyone. Archaeology, history and cultural heritage professionals need more data and especially data which is capable of answering their precise research or administrative interests on an archaeological site. The public, on the other hand, would be often interested in broader and more powerfully contextual information on the past culture and society than a single site or a number of artefacts may answer. It is evident that providing suitable information is a considerable challenge, but doing so while same time maintaining efficiency in processing the information is even more problematic task. The paper discusses the problems of making the archaeological information to communicate to the public within the framework of a joined project in Southwestern Finland. The project incorporates a number of sub-projects studying the information process from the excavation site to the presentation of the results in multiple formats ranging from a traditional print publication to a multimedia presentation. An integrated approach for managing the data and predictable needs is presented as a workflow model with some practical considerations concerning the issues in software choice and information system architecture. keywords: archaeological information, presentation, documentation, information...

M. Schaich (ArcTron Ltd., Altenthann, Germany) The deployment of innovative modern surveying technologies such as 3D laser scanning and 3D stripe-light scanning yields new technical possibilities for generating three dimensional, accurate recordings of archaeological excavations, listed buildings and monuments, artefacts and finds. These technologies naturally create new opportunities for data recovery of endangered heritage monuments and in general for the digital securing of cultural heritage. During the lecture we will discuss the limitations and potential of the employment of modern 3D scanning technologies on archaeological excavations and in finds documentation. The consistent use of these technologies in archaeological excavation documentation enables us to achieve a completely new level of documentation quality. Excavations, in all their various phases as well as other objects can be precisely and photo-realistically represented on computer in three dimensions. Scientists using a system such as this can access the documented objects in 3D. The lecture is based on varied practical projects ranging from large area topographical recordings and the documentation of complex archaeological excavations to detailed, high-resolution finds recordings. These projects were all carried out in recent years by ArcTron Ltd., a German company specialising in 3D surveying and software development for Archaeology and Heritage. During our work in this fields we have successfully created highly-detailed documentation of listed buildings, sites of historical interest, excavation sectors, skeletons, historical works of art and standard objects. The technologies involved are becoming increasingly efficient and user-friendly thanks to the development of new software modules which are specifically optimised for this kind of documentation. These technological advances result in a multitude of new prospects in scientific data processing of three dimensional heritage...

A. K. Öz (Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Archaeology, Izmir, Turkey) This subject and my academic interests are archaeological architecture and history of the building development in Anatolia. This is a relatively new field in Turkey, and I am one of the luckiest archaeological architects in my country who obtained a university position as a professional. My current research is about Metropolis Council House comparison with the bouleuteria of the Western Asia Minor. In Metropolis, 40 km south of Izmir, a further example of a Hellenistic bouleuterion is known since the last Turkish expedition which has started there back in 1990s. The bouleuterion at Metropolis has a square plan (17.00/17.90 m.), the tiers of seats are in the form of a horseshoe, rather than a semicircle, as in Hellenistic theatres. A tiered marble bench was situated in the centre of the front wall, which had arched entrances to the building at either side. In the upper part over the arched doorways, Doric double half-columns were set. Between these Doric columns were probably windows arranged. A Doric frieze with metope-trigliyph decorated the architrave. The gabled roof had a pediment. Other remains of Metropolis are acropolis, Hellenistic fortification, theater, stoa, agora, bath-gymnasium complex, latrina, shops, Roman bath, houses with atrium, Early Christian church and Byzantine fortification. The 3D Survey of these monuments have been studied in a three-years time period. My presentation will be focused on 3D modeling monuments of the ancient city that made by architects and archaeologists who are working in this interdisciplinary project. It is accelerated due to the development of the Computer Technology. For the time being we use Pentium 4 – 2800 MHz processor and 22″ widescreen monitor with the most popular architectural programs (Autocad 2000, 3D Studio VIZ...

W. Neubauer 1, A. Ullrich 2, N. Studnicka 2 (1 VIAS-Vienna Institute for Archaeological Science, University of Vienna, Austria / 2 RIEGL Laser Measurement Systems GmbH, Horn, Austria) Archaeological field work can be separated into prospecting and excavating, both of them having the same objective of research namely to collect and interpret data of the human legacy. The archaeological heritage might be buried or visible above the ground in the form of still standing structures. Plans and photographs with according attributable information are the main elements of a state-of-the-art documentation of archaeological monuments and sites. The 3D documentation of topography is inherent in site mapping, the documentation of historical buildings as well as in the documentation of the surface of a single deposits during a stratigraphic excavation. The photographic documentation is producing textural information on buildings, walls or the surfaces of single deposits. On the one hand we get geometrical information and, on the other hand, texture as the main elements of mapping archaeological evidence. The latest developments combine the pros of digital photogrammetry with a digital topographic model measured by 3D laser scanning. The RIEGL LMS Z420i is a device that combines a 3D laser scanner with high-end calibrated digital cameras, thus combines the pros of 3D laser scanning with the pros of photogrammetry. The typical result of such a documentation is a colored 3D point cloud, a decimated mesh with a high resolution texture, automatically derived orthophotos and 3D wire frame models derived by process known as monoplotting. This instrumentation is a perfect tool for the every day archaeological work, speeding up the documentation process with a precision and resolution that is far from anything conventionally used in archaeology so far. The tools will be presented with examples from world heritage sites, urban rescue excavations as well as fully stratigraphic state-of-the-art research excavations. keywords: laser scanning, photogrammetry, cultural...

A. Morintz / C. Schuster (Archäologisches Institut, Zentrum für Thrakologie, Bucharest, Romania) Our attention was mostly focused upon Tri-dimensional Models of archaeological Sites on the Lower Danube, from the territory of Romania. Examples. We advanced a first example, belonging to the Aeneolithic site at Cernavoda. The evolution of the terrain in time can be traced by comparing the model situations in 1910, 1917 and 1954. The second example is the settlement at Babadag, dated back in the Early Iron Age, located on the shore of the lake bearing the same name, situated in the central Dobroudja. Starting by plotting those data on the plan, we have tried to create a complex image of the situation in the field. We have also included the top views, North-Western, North-Eastern, South-Eastern and South-Western views. Without insisting upon it, we should say that our approach, for both examples, was not limited just to those presented above. It was also tried the reconstruction with regard to the image of constructions and appended complexes (pits etc.) by considering the habitation levels. There were also reconstructed the constructions, no matter if they were deepened or at the ground...